<item><hi format=bold>Independence:</hi> 4 October 1830 (from the Netherlands)
<item><hi format=bold>National holiday:</hi> National Day, 21 July (ascension of King Leopold to the throne in 1831)
<item><hi format=bold>Constitution:</hi> 7 February 1831, last revised 14 July 1993; parliament approved a constitutional package creating a federal state
<item><hi format=bold>Legal system:</hi> civil law system influenced by English constitutional theory; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
<item><hi format=bold>Suffrage:</hi> 18 years of age, universal and compulsory
<item><hi format=bold>Executive branch:</hi>
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<item>• <hi format=ital>chief of state:</hi> King ALBERT II (since NA August 1993)
<item>• <hi format=ital>head of government:</hi> Prime Minister Jean-Luc DEHAENE (since 6 March 1992)
<item>• <hi format=ital>cabinet:</hi> Cabinet; the king appoints the ministers who are chosen by the legislature
<item><hi format=bold>Senate:</hi> (Flemish—Senaat, French—Senat); elections last held 24 November 1991 (next to be held by November 1996); results—percent of vote by party NA; seats—(184 total; of which 106 are directly elected) CVP 20, SP 14, PVV (now VLD) 13, VU 5, AGALEV 5, VB 5, ROSSEN 1, PS 18, PRL 9, PSC 9, ECOLO 6, FDF 1
<item><hi format=bold>Chamber of Representatives:</hi> (Flemish—Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers, French—Chambre des Representants); elections last held 24 November 1991 (next to be held by November 1996); results—CVP 16.7%, PS 13.6%, SP 12.0%, PVV (now VLD) 11.9%, PRL 8.2%, PSC 7.8%, VB 6.6%, VU 5.9%, ECOLO 5.1%, AGALEV 4.9%, FDF 2.6%, ROSSEM 3.2%, FN 1.5%; seats—(212 total) CVP 39, PS 35, SP 28, PVV (now VLD) 26, PRL 20, PSC 18, FB 12, VU 10, ECOLO 10, AGALEV 7, FDF 3, ROSSEM 3, FN 1
<item><hi format=bold>Judicial branch:</hi> Supreme Court of Justice (Flemish—Hof van Cassatie, French—Cour de Cassation)
<item><hi format=bold>Political parties and leaders:</hi> Flemish Social Christian (CVP), Johan van HECKE, president; Francophone Social Christian (PSC), Melchior WATHELET, president; Flemish Socialist (SP), Frank VANDENBROUCKE, president; Francophone Socialist (PS), Philippe BUSQUIN; Flemish Liberals and Democrats (VLD), Guy VERHOFSTADT, president; Francophone Liberal (PRL), Jean GOL, president; Francophone Democratic Front (FDF), Georges CLERFAYT, president; Volksunie (VU), Bert ANCIAUX, president; Communist Party (PCB), Louis VAN GEYT, president; Vlaams Blok (VB), Karel DILLEN, chairman; ROSSEM, Jean Pierre VAN ROSSEM; National Front (FN), Werner van STEEN; AGALEV (Flemish Greens), no president; ECOLO (Francophone Ecologists), no president; other minor parties
<item><hi format=bold>Other political or pressure groups:</hi> Christian and Socialist Trade Unions; Federation of Belgian Industries; numerous other associations representing bankers, manufacturers, middle-class artisans, and the legal and medical professions; various organizations represent the cultural interests of Flanders and Wallonia; various peace groups such as the Flemish Action Committee Against Nuclear Weapons and Pax Christi